Lightweight file transfer over IP networks Which TCP/IP protocol provides simple, minimal-overhead file transfers, often used for bootstrapping devices?

Introduction / Context:
There are several protocols for transferring files across networks. Full-featured options like FTP support authentication and directory listings, but some scenarios (for example, PXE boot, firmware loading) need a minimal, simple protocol with very low overhead and a trivial implementation.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The requirement is minimal capability and minimal overhead.
• Use cases include boot environments and embedded devices.
• Security and advanced features are not the focus.

Concept / Approach:

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) uses UDP and a very small command set for file read/write. Its simplicity makes it ideal for environments where a full network stack or user interaction is unavailable, such as network booting via PXE. TFTP typically operates on UDP port 69 and depends on external mechanisms for access control and security.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Review PXE boot logs or attempt a transfer with tftp client to validate that small binaries can be fetched without authentication or directory traversal complexity.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• TELNET: remote terminal protocol; not a file transfer mechanism.
• FTP: feature-rich but heavier, uses TCP and additional control/data channels.
• RARP: resolves IP address from a MAC address; not file transfer.
• None of the above: incorrect because TFTP matches the description.

Common Pitfalls:

Using TFTP on untrusted networks without safeguards, misunderstanding that it lacks authentication, and confusing firewalls due to dynamic UDP port usage.

Final Answer:

TFTP