What does a Management Information System (MIS) consist of? Choose the most accurate description of its scope and components.

Introduction / Context:
A Management Information System (MIS) is much more than computer hardware. It blends people, processes, data, and technology to produce timely, accurate, and relevant information for managerial decision-making. The stem lists only hardware components, so we must decide whether that captures a full MIS.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• MIS supports planning, control, and decision-making across the enterprise.
• Complete MIS scope includes people (users, analysts), procedures (policies, workflows), data (master and transactional), and technology (hardware, software, networks).
• Options offered list only hardware subsets.

Concept / Approach:
Classic MIS definitions emphasize an integrated socio-technical system. While hardware is necessary, an MIS also requires software (applications, DBMS), data models, controls, training, and governance. Therefore, any option restricted to hardware cannot be accurate for what an MIS “consists of.”

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Any MIS textbook will describe MIS as a combination of human and technical subsystems; hardware-only definitions are explicitly rejected in standard curricula.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Equating MIS with “the computer”; always remember the human and procedural components that transform data into actionable information.

Final Answer:
None of the above