Cause–Effect reasoning: Identify the most plausible causal link between the two statements. Statement I: The literacy rate in the district has been increasing for the last four years. Statement II: The district administration conducted extensive training programs for workers engaged in the literacy drive. Choose the correct option describing the relationship.

Given data

• Outcome: Literacy rate has been rising for four years (Statement I).
• Intervention: Administration ran extensive training for literacy workers (Statement II).

Concept/Approach Training improves teaching quality, outreach, and program execution, which reasonably increases literacy outcomes.

Step-by-step reasoning 1) Capacity building of workers → better delivery of literacy drive. 2) Better delivery → higher enrollment/retention/learning → rising literacy rate over time.

Common pitfalls Assuming the reverse direction without an additional mechanism.

Final Answer Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect