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Cause–Effect reasoning: Identify the most plausible causal link between the two statements. Statement I: The literacy rate in the district has been increasing for the last four years. Statement II: The district administration conducted extensive training programs for workers engaged in the literacy drive. Choose the correct option describing the relationship.

Difficulty: Easy

Statement I is the cause and Statement II is its effect
Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect
Both are independent causes
Both are effects of independent causes
Both are effects of a common cause

Correct Answer: Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect

Explanation:

Given data

Outcome: Literacy rate has been rising for four years (Statement I).
Intervention: Administration ran extensive training for literacy workers (Statement II).

Concept/Approach
Training improves teaching quality, outreach, and program execution, which reasonably increases literacy outcomes.

Step-by-step reasoning
1) Capacity building of workers → better delivery of literacy drive. 2) Better delivery → higher enrollment/retention/learning → rising literacy rate over time.

Common pitfalls
Assuming the reverse direction without an additional mechanism.

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