A crude oil shows a characterization (UOP K) factor of 12.5. Based on this value, how would you classify the crude type?

Introduction:
The UOP K (characterization) factor is a classical single-number crude property indicator linking average boiling point and specific gravity. It is frequently used to infer general crude type and expected product distribution tendencies.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Reported K factor: 12.5.
• Rule-of-thumb ranges: paraffinic >~12, intermediate ~11.5–12, naphthenic/aromatic <~11.5 (approximate).
• Purpose: qualitative classification, not a precise composition assay.

Concept / Approach:
Higher K factors correspond to more paraffinic character (lighter, higher H/C), which typically yields more naphtha and paraffinic fractions; lower K factors indicate more naphthenic/aromatic content, favoring heavier distillates and lube stocks.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Compare 12.5 with rule-of-thumb thresholds.2) 12.5 lies in the paraffinic/upper intermediate regime.3) Select paraffinic as the best classification.

Verification / Alternative check:
Refinery planning practice: Light, paraffinic crudes often show K factors around or above ~12, confirming a paraffinic tendency for 12.5.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Naphthenic/intermediate: Would imply lower K values near ~11–12.None/aromatic-rich: Not supported by a K factor as high as 12.5.

Common Pitfalls:
Treating K as a precise predictor of yields; it is best used comparatively alongside assays and TBP curves.

Final Answer:
Paraffinic