Unsupervised data mining: are explanations/labels typically created after patterns are discovered (post-hoc interpretation)?

Introduction / Context:
Unsupervised learning discovers structure in unlabeled data: clusters, associations, or latent factors. The question asks whether explanations are produced after the algorithm surfaces patterns.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• No target label is provided to the algorithm.
• Outputs are groupings or relationships that require human/business interpretation.
• Common techniques: k-means, hierarchical clustering, PCA, association rules.

Concept / Approach:
Because the algorithm does not know business semantics, analysts inspect the discovered segments or rules and then assign meaning (for example, “high-value infrequent buyers”). Thus, explanations are typically post-hoc.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Confirm unsupervised = no predefined labels.Recognize outputs: clusters, patterns.Interpret clusters after discovery; therefore the statement is valid.

Verification / Alternative check:
Review standard workflows: explore clusters, profile attributes, name segments after reviewing distributions.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Reinforcement learning and supervised methods have different setups; feature scaling affects quality but not the post-hoc nature of explanations.

Common Pitfalls:
Treating unsupervised segments as causal categories; they are descriptive without guarantees of causality.

Final Answer:
Valid statement — patterns are found first, then interpreted