TTL fan-out reality check: Evaluate — “A typical fan-out for most TTL devices is 9.”

Introduction / Context:
Fan-out in TTL is the number of standard inputs a gate output can reliably drive while meeting logic-level specifications. Historically, standard TTL families specify a fan-out of about 10 in the LOW state (sinking current), a widely quoted rule of thumb in textbooks and datasheets.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Standard TTL (e.g., 74xx, 74LSxx) defines input current requirements and output drive capability.
• Fan-out is calculated as I_OL(max sink) / I_IL(max per input) for LOW, and I_OH(max source) / I_IH(max per input) for HIGH.
• Many TTL families arrive near 10 for LOW-state drive.

Concept / Approach:
Typical TTL fan-out is taught as 10, not 9. Some variations exist by subfamily and temperature, but “9” is not the standard nominal. Therefore the claim is inaccurate in general contexts.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Consult standard 74xx and 74LSxx datasheets; many show IOL = 16 mA and IIL = 1.6 mA for the reference load, yielding fan-out ≈ 10.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Correct / subfamily/voltage/rise-time qualifiers: These specifics do not shift the canonical figure to 9 as a typical value.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing worst-case margins or particular device variants with the widely taught nominal; ignoring that HIGH-state fan-out can differ from LOW-state fan-out.

Final Answer:
Incorrect