ACID properties: a transaction where either all individual actions occur or none occur exemplifies which property?

Introduction / Context:
ACID is the cornerstone of reliable transaction processing. This question focuses on identifying the property that enforces the “all-or-nothing” execution semantics.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A transaction comprises multiple database actions.
• On success, all effects persist; on failure, none persist.

Concept / Approach:
Atomicity guarantees that a transaction is indivisible: either it fully commits or it fully rolls back. The other ACID properties are consistency (state validity), isolation (concurrency safety), and durability (survival of committed data).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Consider a money transfer (debit and credit). Atomicity ensures both operations happen together or neither does.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Consistent: ensures integrity constraints hold before/after the transaction.
• Isolated: controls interference among concurrent transactions.
• Durable: ensures committed results survive failures.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing durability (post-commit persistence) with atomicity (commit as a single unit).

Final Answer:
atomic