Applications of tar-bonded dolomite bricks in steelmaking: these basic refractories are commonly selected for which of the following furnace types due to compatibility with basic slags and adequate hot strength?

Introduction / Context:
Dolomite refractories (CaO·MgO), when tar-bonded and properly conditioned, are classic choices for lining steelmaking vessels that operate with lime-rich basic slags. Their chemistry and microstructure deliver corrosion resistance and hot strength in aggressive environments.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Operations use basic slags (high CaO, FeO).
• Tar bonding contributes carbon phases that aid hot strength and slag resistance.
• Correct storage and heat-up are assumed to prevent hydration before service.

Concept / Approach:
Because tar-bonded dolomite is a basic refractory, it is compatible with basic steelmaking practice across multiple furnaces: basic Bessemer (Thomas) converters, basic open-hearth furnaces, and electric furnaces operating with basic slags. Its wear properties are favorable in many zones after in-situ sintering of the lining surface.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Match refractory basicity to slag chemistry.List common basic steelmaking units: converters, open-hearth, basic EAFs.Select the inclusive option covering all valid applications.

Verification / Alternative check:
Historic plant practices and handbooks list tar-bonded dolomite as a standard choice in the above furnaces, especially in zones facing basic slags and high temperatures.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Picking only one unit omits other long-established uses.“None of these” contradicts common industry practice.

Common Pitfalls:
Neglecting strict moisture control; dolomite must be protected from hydration.Assuming suitability for acidic slag service; basic bricks are unsuitable there.

Final Answer:
All (a), (b) and (c)