In this English vocabulary question on synonyms, choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the word "Mordant".

Introduction / Context:

This question checks your understanding of the adjective "mordant", which is often used to describe humour, wit, or criticism that is sharply biting or caustic. You must select the option that comes closest in meaning among the four given choices. A strong vocabulary for such subtle adjectives is important for understanding advanced reading passages and descriptive writing.

Given Data / Assumptions:

- Target word: "Mordant".

- Options: "Kind", "Complimentary", "Bitter", "Peaceable".

- The question asks for a synonym, that is, a word with a similar meaning.

- "Mordant" usually describes speech, writing, or humour that is sharply critical, biting, or sarcastic.

Concept / Approach:

To answer synonym questions, it is useful to recall typical contexts where the word is used. "Mordant wit" or "mordant satire" refers to humour that cuts deeply, often exposing flaws with biting sarcasm. The emotional tone of "mordant" is negative and harsh rather than gentle. Among the options, "bitter" best captures this harsh, cutting quality. The remaining options are all positive or gentle in meaning, making them unsuitable synonyms.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Consider example sentences: "The writer is known for his mordant comments on politics" and "The writer is known for his bitter comments on politics". Both suggest harsh, cutting criticism. However, replacing "mordant" with "kind", "complimentary", or "peaceable" would completely change the meaning and tone. Thus, "Bitter" clearly aligns with the sense intended by "mordant" in this context.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

"Kind" conveys gentleness and benevolence, the opposite of the harshness implied by "mordant". "Complimentary" suggests that the speaker praises others, which is fundamentally different from making sharp, critical remarks. "Peaceable" focuses on harmony and absence of conflict, and does not relate to the sharpness of language. Therefore, none of these options can be a synonym for "mordant".

Common Pitfalls:

Students may mistakenly associate "mordant" with "moderate" or "modern" due to superficial similarity in spelling, leading to wrong guesses. Another pitfall is not paying attention to the emotional tone of the options; synonyms must match both meaning and tone. Building a habit of noting new adjectives in your reading, especially in literary criticism and editorials, helps familiarise you with words like "mordant", "acerbic", "caustic", and "trenchant".

Final Answer:

The option that best expresses the meaning of "Mordant" is "Bitter", in the sense of sharp, biting, or caustic.