Logical syllogism — determine which conclusions follow beyond doubt. Statements: 1) All the locks are keys. 2) All the keys are bats. 3) Some watches are bats. Conclusions: (1) Some bats are locks. (2) Some watches are keys. (3) All the keys are locks.

Difficulty: Medium

Correct Answer: Only (1)

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
A three-premise syllogism with two universals and one particular checks whether you can keep track of subset chains and avoid invalid converses or unwarranted intersections.


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • Locks ⊆ keys.
  • Keys ⊆ bats.
  • Some watches ⊆ bats.


Concept / Approach:
From transitivity, locks ⊆ bats. “Some watches are bats” does not imply anything about keys unless watches are stated to be keys. Converses like “All keys are locks” are not implied.


Step-by-Step Solution:
(1) Some bats are locks — since locks ⊆ bats and locks are assumed to exist, there are locks that are bats. Hence true. (2) Some watches are keys — unjustified. While some watches are bats, keys are a subset of bats; the watches could lie outside keys within bats. (3) All the keys are locks — converse of Statement 1; not supported.


Verification / Alternative check:
Example: bats = {k1, w1}; keys = {k1}; locks = {k1}; watches = {w1}. Then (1) holds, but (2) and (3) fail.


Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Options including (2) assume an overlap not guaranteed; options including (3) assume a converse.


Common Pitfalls:
Treating membership in a larger set (bats) as proof of membership in its subset (keys).


Final Answer:
Only (1)

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