Introduction / Context:
The prompt asks whether literacy should become a minimum eligibility criterion to vote. In argument-strength questions, the focus is on principled, generalizable reasons tied to constitutional norms and sound policy logic. Sentiments or stereotypes are not sufficient.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- India recognizes universal adult suffrage as a constitutional right.
- “Literacy” here means basic reading/writing ability; “political maturity” is not formally measurable.
- A strong argument cites constitutional principle or robust, non-discriminatory policy rationale.
Concept / Approach:
We evaluate each argument on whether it justifies changing a fundamental right. Restrictions on fundamental rights require compelling, carefully tailored reasons and must avoid discriminatory assumptions.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Argument I: “Mere literacy is no guarantee of political maturity.” While true, this is not, by itself, a principled reason to reject literacy as a criterion; it compares apples to oranges. Voting is not conditioned on “maturity” today, and literacy neither ensures nor negates it. Thus I is not a strong policy ground in this framing.Argument II: “Illiterate people are less likely to vote wisely.” This is a stereotype, lacks actionable evidence, and is discriminatory. It fails the constitutional fairness test and is therefore weak.Argument III: “Voting is the constitutional right of every citizen.” Strong. It directly cites the controlling principle. Any new bar on voting must satisfy strict standards, which a generic literacy bar does not meet.
Verification / Alternative check:
A better reform is voter education and accessible ballots (symbols, assistance), which raise informed participation without excluding citizens.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
- None strong: wrong; III is strong.
- Only I and II: both are weak as explained.
- Only II and III / All strong: include weak or discriminatory reasoning.
Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “desirable voter knowledge” with “eligibility.” Eligibility is about rights; knowledge is improved through education and outreach, not exclusion.
Final Answer:
Only III is strong
Discussion & Comments