Statement: “All the species of plants and animals are part of biodiversity and ecosystems and play a major role in the overall health of the environment.” Consider this statement and decide which of the following assumptions is or are implicit.

Introduction / Context:
This question deals with environmental reasoning. The main statement highlights that all species of plants and animals are part of biodiversity and ecosystems and that they play a major role in the overall health of the environment. You are given two longer assumptions, one about creating backyard habitats and another about sustainability and energy flow, and you must decide whether either is logically required by the original statement.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Main statement: All the species of plants and animals are part of biodiversity and ecosystems and play a major role in the overall health of the environment.
• Assumption I: Preserve or create a backyard habitat. Save as many native plants as you can when building or landscaping.
• Assumption II: One of the major goals of sustainability is to preserve biodiversity, and each time a species becomes endangered or lost to extinction, one more part of the planetary food web energy flow is lost.
• Task: Decide which assumptions are implicit in the main statement.

Concept / Approach:
The main statement is descriptive: it tells us that species contribute to biodiversity and environmental health. It does not explicitly prescribe actions or define goals of sustainability. Assumptions are unstated ideas that must hold for the statement to be meaningful or reasonable. Practical suggestions such as creating backyard habitats or discussions about specific sustainability goals usually go beyond simple descriptive statements, so we should be cautious in treating them as implicit.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Focus on what the statement actually says. It emphasises that all species are part of biodiversity and that they play a major role in environmental health.Step 2: It does not instruct individuals on how to act, nor does it specify what people should do with this information.Step 3: Assumption I is an action oriented recommendation: create a backyard habitat and save native plants when landscaping.Step 4: The main statement can be fully understood and accepted without assuming that individuals must create backyard habitats. Such actions might be inspired by the statement but are not logically required for its truth.Step 5: Assumption II discusses sustainability goals and the planetary food web, and links loss of species to loss of energy flow.Step 6: While this may be consistent with the spirit of environmental concern, the main statement does not explicitly or implicitly talk about sustainability as a goal or detail the food web energy flow.Step 7: The statement only needs the assumption that species are functionally important for environmental health, which is already expressed directly in the text. It does not require a full sustainability doctrine as described in Assumption II.Step 8: Therefore, neither Assumption I nor Assumption II is logically necessary for the original statement to hold.

Verification / Alternative check:
Imagine an ecologist giving a lecture: All species are part of biodiversity and ecosystems, and they play a major role in the overall health of the environment. Even if the ecologist does not recommend backyard habitats or mention planetary energy flow explicitly, the statement stands as a valid description. People listening may or may not later decide to preserve native plants or focus on sustainability goals. The truth of the descriptive claim does not depend on those later actions or frameworks, confirming that neither assumption is implicit.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Option b is wrong because both assumptions introduce extra content not required by the descriptive statement.
• Option c and option d are wrong because each treats one of the long, detailed ideas as necessary when they are not.
• Option e unnecessarily mixes questions of truth and assumption; the main issue is logical dependence, not truth value.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing what might be good environmental practice (like preserving native plants) with what must be assumed for a general statement about biodiversity.
• Reading broader sustainability policy discussions into a simple statement about ecological roles.
• Assuming that every environment related statement automatically carries all possible environmentalist recommendations as assumptions.

Final Answer:
Neither assumption I nor assumption II is implicit in the given statement about species, biodiversity, and environmental health.