In food science and the wine industry, a professional who is a specialist in the science and art of wine making is correctly known by which of the following terms?

Introduction / Context:
The wine industry has specific technical terms for different roles. This question tests your knowledge of the correct word used for a specialist in wine making, which combines knowledge of grapes, fermentation, chemistry and sensory analysis.

Given Data / Assumptions:
• The person in question is a specialist in wine making, not just serving or drinking wine.
• Several similar sounding terms are listed, some of which are incorrect or refer to other roles.
• We must choose the term that is commonly used in viticulture and enology education and industry.

Concept / Approach:
An oenologist is a professional who studies and practices the science of wine and wine making. The field is called oenology. A sommelier, on the other hand, is a wine steward who advises customers on wine selection and service in restaurants. A brewer makes beer, not wine. The words wenologist and grapologist are distractors and are not standard technical terms in wine production.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that the formal study of wine is called oenology. Step 2: Recognise that a person trained in oenology is called an oenologist. Step 3: Remember that sommeliers work primarily in restaurants, focusing on wine service rather than production. Step 4: Note that brewers specialise in beer and other fermented grain beverages, not in grape wine. Step 5: Eliminate the invented or incorrect terms wenologist and grapologist and select oenologist as the accurate term.

Verification / Alternative check:
University programmes and industry organisations use the word oenology for academic degrees and professional training in wine making. Job titles in wineries include positions such as chief oenologist or consulting oenologist, confirming that this is the recognised professional term.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Wenologist: This is not a recognised term in food science or the wine industry.
Grapologist: Although it suggests a relation to grapes, it is not a standard technical title for wine making specialists.
Sommelier: A wine steward responsible for wine selection, pairing and service in hospitality, not primarily for producing wine in the winery.
Brewer: A professional who produces beer and related beverages, working with grains such as barley, not with grape wine production.

Common Pitfalls:
The trap in such questions is to be misled by words that sound plausible, like grapologist, or by familiar roles like sommelier. To avoid confusion, remember that production and scientific study of wine falls under oenology, and the specialist is called an oenologist, while sommeliers work on the service side and brewers on beer making.

Final Answer:
A specialist in the science and art of wine making is called an Oenologist.