Introduction / Context:
Error-spotting questions evaluate command of standard idiom and non-finite verb forms. In this sentence, the writer tries to use the pattern “by + gerund” after a preposition. Only the -ing form of the main verb should follow “by”, not a causative verb plus a second -ing. The structure “make + object + base verb” also interacts here and often causes confusion.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Target meaning: “you are causing me to wait a long time.”
- Phrasal preposition: “by”.
- Segment B reads “by making me waiting”.
- Other parts may be wordy or stylistically clumsy, but we must select the segment that contains the clear grammatical error.
Concept / Approach:
- After a preposition like “by”, use a gerund: “by making …”.
- After “make + object”, use the base verb: “make me wait”, not “make me waiting”.
- Combine both correctly: “by making me wait”.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Locate the prepositional phrase beginning with “by”.Check the verb after “make”: it must be base form “wait”.Correct segment B to: “by making me wait”.
Verification / Alternative check:
Paraphrase: “because you make me wait for a long time, my schedule gets upset.” The base verb “wait” fits; “waiting” does not.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
A: Clumsy spacing and wordiness, but not the key grammar error tested.C: Redundant but grammatically fine.D: Present progressive choice is acceptable for a continuing effect.E: Not applicable because B contains a definite error.
Common Pitfalls:
Mixing the “by + V-ing” pattern with “make + object + base verb”.Letting redundancy distract from the main grammatical mistake.
Final Answer:
by making me waiting
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