Himalayan Glaciation – Snow line on the northern (leeward) side of the Greater Himalaya Within what altitude band does the perennial snow line typically lie on the northern side of the Greater Himalayas?

Introduction / Context:
Snow line elevations vary around the Himalayas due to monsoon exposure, aspect, and continentality. The northern (Tibetan) side is drier and more continental, often pushing the perennial snow line higher than on the humid southern slopes.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Location: northern flank of the Greater Himalayas.
• Climatic control: rain-shadow and continental dryness raise the equilibrium line altitude.
• We are seeking a representative altitude band for the permanent snow line.

Concept / Approach:
Moisture supply and summer ablation control the equilibrium line altitude (ELA). On the leeward side, limited accumulation combined with strong solar radiation and dry air increases melt and sublimation, elevating the snow line. Typical reported bands are about 5,500–6,000 m on the northern side, higher than many values found on the windward southern slopes.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the side of the range (north/leeward) and expect a higher ELA.Compare altitude bands: 5,500–6,000 m is the tight, commonly cited range.Select the band that matches dry-side climatology.

Verification / Alternative check:
Glacier mapping and mountaineering observations confirm frequent late-summer snow persistence above ~5.5 km on the Tibetan side, consistent with the chosen band.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• 4,500–6,000 m or 3,500–6,000 m: too broad and include elevations where persistent snow is uncommon on the leeward side.
• None of the above: incorrect because 5,500–6,000 m is appropriate.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing south-facing (monsoonal) snow lines with the drier north-side values; aspect, wind, and moisture strongly affect ELA.

Final Answer:
5,500 to 6,000 metres