Shaking table (tabling) operation: the deck is set at a small angle to the horizontal. What is the typical inclination range used to separate particles primarily by density differences?

Introduction / Context:
Shaking tables (Wilfley-type) exploit thin-film fluid dynamics and differential stratification to separate minerals by density. Deck angle, stroke, and water flow work together to generate a fan-shaped distribution of concentrates and tailings. Knowing the typical inclination range is fundamental for setup and troubleshooting.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Feed is appropriately sized (usually fine sands).
• We are concerned with the nominal deck angle from horizontal.
• Normal gravity tabling operation is assumed.

Concept / Approach:
A modest inclination promotes a thin flowing film: too steep and material washes off; too flat and the film thickens, degrading separation. The commonly cited operating range lies between about 2° and 5° for most duty conditions, adjusted with stroke and wash water to optimize banding.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Recall standard operating guidelines for mineral tabling.Identify the sweet spot where density stratification and band separation are most effective.Select the 2–5° range as the typical deck inclination.

Verification / Alternative check:
Commissioning manuals and training guides for Wilfley tables recommend initial settings near 3° and then fine-tuning based on band sharpness and recovery targets.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
1–2°: common starting angles are slightly higher.5–10° or 10–15°: generally too steep for thin-film separation and risk excessive washout.

Common Pitfalls:
Attempting to correct poor separation solely by changing deck angle. Water flow rate, stroke length/frequency, and feed sizing also play decisive roles.

Final Answer:
2 to 5°