Financial terminology in cash-flow analysis: A series of equal payments or receipts made at equal time intervals is called what?
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APerpetuity
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BCapital charge factor
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CAnnuity
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DFuture worth
Answer
Correct Answer: Annuity
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Understanding cash-flow patterns is foundational for cost estimation and project evaluation. Regular equal payments over equal periods occur in loans, savings plans, and lease costs, and have a specific name in engineering economics.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Equal payment amount each period.
- Equal spacing between payments.
- Finite number of periods, unless otherwise stated.
Concept / Approach:An annuity is the standard term for a level series of payments or receipts at regular intervals. Special variants include ordinary annuities and annuities due, depending on timing within each period.
Step-by-Step Solution:Identify pattern: equal amounts, equal intervals.Map to financial term: this is an annuity.Confirm alternatives do not fit: perpetuity is infinite; capital charge factor is a rate; future worth is a value, not a series.
Verification / Alternative check:Loan amortization schedules and retirement contributions are classic annuities; tables/formulas use A, P, F relationships.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:Perpetuity: infinite series. Capital charge factor: a conversion factor, not a series. Future worth: single lump-sum value at a time point.
Common Pitfalls:Confusing the cash-flow pattern (annuity) with its computed present or future value.
Final Answer:Annuity