In a simple series circuit containing an ideal source and passive components, how does the current behave as it flows through each component?

Introduction / Context:
Series and parallel connections determine how currents and voltages distribute in circuits. For series connections, a single path is provided for charge flow, which leads to a defining current property across all elements in that path.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Series connection: one continuous, unbranched path.
• Ideal wires with negligible leakage or shunt paths.
• Steady-state DC or instantaneous AC snapshot at any time.

Concept / Approach:
By charge conservation and KCL, the current entering any series element must equal the current leaving it. Because no alternate path exists, the same current must flow through every component in series. Voltage divides among elements according to their impedances, but current does not split.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Recognize topology: a single loop with no branches.Apply KCL at the terminals of any component: I_in = I_out.Conclude uniform current for all components in series.Note that voltages differ based on resistance or impedance values.

Verification / Alternative check:
Use an ammeter to measure current at various points in a series string. Readings are equal within measurement tolerance, confirming the property experimentally.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Equating current to resistance mixes quantities with different units.

Subtraction or variation across series elements would imply charge accumulation, which does not occur in steady state.

Zero after the first element contradicts continuity and conservation of charge.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing series rules with parallel behavior, where currents do divide across branches. Keep track of topology when applying rules.

Final Answer:
remains the same through each component