The following question consists of labelled parts X, Y, and Z of a sentence. Choose the option that gives the most logical order of these parts to form a coherent sentence about government offices or educational institutions opening.

Introduction / Context:
This is another sentence reordering problem, which tests understanding of word order and clause structure. The sentence talks about government offices or educational institutions, the time they open, and the loss of daylight hours. A correct arrangement of X, Y, and Z should produce a fluent and meaningful statement about how many daylight hours are wasted by the time such offices open.

Given Data / Assumptions:
The skeleton of the sentence is: “By the time government X offices or educational institutions Y open, many daylight Z hours are already lost”.
We know that the complete sentence should read naturally in standard English. We assume the parts X, Y, Z stand for phrases like “offices or educational institutions”, “open”, and “hours are already lost” in some combination.

Concept / Approach:
A logical complete sentence that fits the given skeleton is: “By the time government offices or educational institutions open, many daylight hours are already lost.” In this pattern, after the word “government” we naturally expect “offices or educational institutions”. Then we expect the verb “open” after this subject phrase. The object phrase “many daylight hours are already lost” appears later and must be treated as a separate unit. We must assign X, Y, and Z in a way that produces this natural flow.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify what each label likely represents from the fragment. X most logically completes “government” as “government offices or educational institutions”. Step 2: We then expect the verb “open” to follow the subject phrase, so Y must be the element that, combined with “open”, completes “offices or educational institutions open”. Step 3: Finally, Z must form the remaining phrase “many daylight hours are already lost”. Step 4: Combining these insights, we arrange the sequence as X Y Z after the starting words “By the time government”. Step 5: The full sentence becomes: “By the time government offices or educational institutions open, many daylight hours are already lost.” Step 6: The option that represents this order is XYZ, which is option (c).

Verification / Alternative check:
Placing X immediately after “government” gives “government offices or educational institutions”, which is a complete subject. Following this with Y gives “open, many daylight”, which fits the pattern “offices or educational institutions open”. Finally, adding Z completes the idea: “hours are already lost”. The resulting sentence is grammatically correct and semantically clear. Any other arrangement either breaks the logical subject verb order or places “hours” in the wrong position relative to “daylight”.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
YZX would make the sequence after “government” start with “open”, which is not logical because “government open offices or educational institutions” is not a standard structure.
ZXY would push the phrase involving “hours” right after “government”, leading to “government hours” or “government daylight hours”, which does not match the intended meaning.
XZY would place the “hours” segment before “open”, resulting in an awkward and incorrect clause order.
Only XYZ keeps the subject phrase together, followed by the verb “open”, and then the clause about daylight hours being lost.

Common Pitfalls:
Candidates may overthink these questions and choose a more complicated arrangement instead of trusting the natural English order of subject followed by verb. Another pitfall is ignoring the small clue given by the word “open”, which clearly behaves as a verb here and must be placed after the subject “government offices or educational institutions” rather than before or after an object phrase.

Final Answer:
The correct and logical order of the parts is XYZ.