In this verbal analogy, Seismography is related to Earthquake in a specific way. In the same manner, a Taseometer is related to which one of the following physical quantities?

Introduction / Context:
This question is a classic verbal analogy from aptitude and reasoning exams. You are given one pair of related words, Seismography and Earthquake, and asked to extend the same relationship to a second pair that includes the word Taseometer. To answer correctly, you must understand what each instrument measures and then match that measurement concept with the correct option.

Given Data / Assumptions:
1) Seismography is an instrument or method used to record and study earthquakes and ground movements.
2) The pair Seismography : Earthquake therefore connects an instrument with the phenomenon or physical effect that it measures.
3) A Taseometer is a type of measuring device used in engineering to detect very small strains, especially in structures or materials under stress.
4) The options mention different physical effects such as landslides, strains, resistances, and volcanoes.

Concept / Approach:
The key idea in this analogy is the instrument to measurement or phenomenon relationship. Seismography is not just loosely connected to earthquakes; it specifically records the vibrations in the earth that occur during an earthquake. In the same way, a Taseometer is designed to detect and measure tiny changes in length or deformation, which are referred to as strains in materials science and structural engineering. We only need to identify which option names the correct quantity measured by a Taseometer.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recognise that Seismography is an instrument used to study Earthquakes, so the first pair is of the form Instrument : Phenomenon measured. Step 2: Recall or infer that a Taseometer is used to measure very small deformations in materials, which in engineering language are called strains. Step 3: Scan the options and look for the term that represents this measured quantity. The only option that describes deformation in materials is Strains. Step 4: Confirm that none of the other options represent what a Taseometer is designed to measure. Landslides and Volcanoes are large natural phenomena, and Resistances is an electrical or general physics term that does not match a Taseometer. Step 5: Conclude that the correct completion of the analogy is Taseometer : Strains.

Verification / Alternative check:
A quick verification method is to restate each pair verbally. Seismography measures earthquakes. If we try to say Taseometer measures landslides or volcanoes, it clearly sounds incorrect because those are large scale events, not tiny deformations in materials. On the other hand, saying Taseometer measures strains is standard usage in engineering contexts, where designers monitor strain to check the safety and performance of structures.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Landslides are large earth movements usually studied with different geotechnical monitoring systems, not a Taseometer. Resistances refer to electrical resistance or opposition to current flow, which is measured by ohmmeters or multimeters. Volcanoes are volcanic structures and eruptions, again unrelated to a Taseometer. None of these capture the idea of very small deformations in a material, so they do not match the required relationship.

Common Pitfalls:
A common mistake is to pick an option that looks geophysical, such as Landslides or Volcanoes, simply because the first pair involves earthquakes. However, the analogy is not asking for another natural disaster. It is asking for the measured quantity corresponding to the second instrument. Another pitfall is to focus on any scientific sounding word like Resistances without checking whether that is really what a Taseometer measures.

Final Answer:
Therefore, the correct completion of the analogy is Taseometer : Strains. The final relationship is Seismography : Earthquake :: Taseometer : Strains.