Pulse spectrum rule of thumb: The rising and falling edges (transitions) of a pulse waveform contain the higher-frequency components, while the flat portions are low-frequency. True or false?

Introduction / Context:
Bandwidth in digital systems is set largely by edge rates, not by repetition rate alone. Recognizing that transitions carry the high-frequency energy is central to signal integrity and EMI control.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Pulse waveform with finite rise and fall times.
• Fourier decomposition applies.
• Edges are localized rapid changes; flats are near-constant segments.

Concept / Approach:

High-frequency content scales with how quickly a signal changes. Mathematically, the derivative of a step contains an impulse-like component, which has a broad spectrum. Therefore, the transitions (where dV/dt is large) inject higher-frequency harmonics; the constant regions (dV/dt ≈ 0) contribute primarily DC and low-order components.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Spectrum analyzer measurements show that tightening edge times increases high-frequency amplitudes, even if the repetition rate is unchanged. Time-domain simulators reveal overshoot/ringing sensitivity driven by edge spectra, not the steady level.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• “False” contradicts both Fourier theory and practical EMI experience, where edges dominate radiated and conducted emissions.

Common Pitfalls:

Equating “higher frequency” with “higher repetition rate” only; overlooking that a slow clock with very fast edges still demands high-bandwidth interconnects and proper termination.

Final Answer:

True