Which revolutionary leader eventually ended his days as a Swami of the Ramakrishna Mission?

Introduction / Context:
This question checks knowledge of Indian freedom struggle personalities and their later spiritual lives. Many revolutionaries of the early twentieth century moved away from active politics and turned towards spirituality, often joining ashrams or religious missions. Knowing such biographical details helps students connect political history with social and religious currents of that period, making modern Indian history more meaningful and complete.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are given four names of revolutionary figures: Ajit Singh, Aurobindo Ghosh, Jatindranath Bandopadhyay, and Hemachandra Kanungo.
• The question asks which one ended his days as a Swami of the Ramakrishna Mission.
• Only one option matches this description; the others followed different paths.

Concept / Approach:
The approach is to recall specific biographical information. Jatindranath Bandopadhyay was a revolutionary associated with the Anushilan Samiti. Later in life, he renounced political activity, embraced a spiritual path, and became Swami Niralamba, associated with the Ramakrishna Mission tradition. The other leaders, although important in the freedom movement, did not end their lives as Swamis in the Ramakrishna Mission in this specific manner.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that Ajit Singh was a revolutionary and the uncle of Bhagat Singh, but he spent his later life mostly in exile and did not become a Ramakrishna Mission Swami. Step 2: Consider Aurobindo Ghosh. He left active politics and became Sri Aurobindo, a spiritual leader in Pondicherry, founding the Sri Aurobindo Ashram, not the Ramakrishna Mission. Step 3: Remember that Jatindranath Bandopadhyay turned to spiritual life and became Swami Niralamba, associated with the Ramakrishna Mission tradition. Step 4: Note that Hemachandra Kanungo was known for learning bomb making in Europe and training revolutionaries; he did not end as a Ramakrishna Mission Swami. Step 5: Conclude that the only option that fits the description is Jatindranath Bandopadhyay.

Verification / Alternative check:
A good verification method is to connect each name with the institution best known for them in later life. Aurobindo is linked with the ashram at Pondicherry, Ajit Singh with exile and political agitation, and Hemachandra Kanungo with revolutionary training and technical expertise. In contrast, Jatindranath Bandopadhyay is specifically remembered for his transformation into Swami Niralamba within the Ramakrishna tradition. This institutional association confirms that he is the correct answer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Ajit Singh: Revolutionary leader, but he did not become a Swami of the Ramakrishna Mission. Aurobindo Ghosh: Became Sri Aurobindo and founded his own ashram in Pondicherry, not a Swami in the Ramakrishna Mission. Hemachandra Kanungo: Known for technical revolutionary skills and training, not for a later life as a Ramakrishna Mission monk. None of the above: Incorrect because one correct option clearly exists, namely Jatindranath Bandopadhyay.

Common Pitfalls:
A frequent mistake is to assume that Aurobindo Ghosh must be the answer simply because he is a famous revolutionary turned spiritual figure. However, the question is very specific about the Ramakrishna Mission, which points to a different person. Another pitfall is confusion between various revolutionaries who adopted spiritual names. Students should pay attention to institutional links, such as Ramakrishna Mission, Arya Samaj, or independent ashrams, to avoid choosing the wrong name.

Final Answer:
The revolutionary leader who ended his days as a Swami of the Ramakrishna Mission is Jatindranath Bandopadhyay.