Relocatable program forms: which description best characterizes a relocatable program?

Introduction / Context:
Object modules frequently need to be placed at different memory addresses at load time. To support this flexibility, a relocatable program includes metadata that enables a loader to adjust address-sensitive fields appropriately.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Standard relocatable object format with relocation records.
• Loader capable of processing relocation entries.
• No requirement that the program begins at a fixed address.

Concept / Approach:
A relocatable program has symbolic references and marked address fields. The loader, when choosing a load address, applies relocation by adding the chosen base to address-sensitive locations. This differs from absolute programs (fixed addresses) and self-relocating programs (which contain code to relocate themselves at runtime).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Relocation maps demonstrate consistent adjustment of code and data references by an offset equal to the load base, confirming relocatability.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming “relocatable” means the program moves itself; typically, the loader performs relocation using supplied metadata.

Final Answer:
consists of a program plus relocation information so it can be placed at various addresses.