In these questions, relationships between elements are represented using comparison symbols. Based on the given statement, decide which conclusions logically follow. Statement: X = M < A < S = T < R. Conclusions: I. M = T II. R > A

Introduction / Context:
This is another inequalities and logical deduction question. You are given a chain of relationships involving several symbols: "=", "<". From that single chain, you must decide which of the proposed conclusions must always be true.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• X = M < A < S = T < R.
• Symbols mean: "=" equal to, "<" less than, ">" greater than.
• Conclusions:
  • I. M = T.
  • II. R > A.

Concept / Approach:
Write the statement as a single ordered chain. From that chain, you can read off the relative positions of all elements. A conclusion follows only if it is consistent with every possible arrangement that satisfies the chain. If even one valid arrangement contradicts a conclusion, that conclusion does not follow.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Rewrite the statement as an ordered chain. X = M < A < S = T < R. This means X and M are equal, both less than A. A is less than S and T, and S equals T. T is less than R. So the order from smallest to largest is: X = M < A < S = T < R. Step 2: Check Conclusion I: M = T. From the chain, M is strictly less than A, and A is strictly less than T. Therefore M is strictly less than T. They cannot be equal. So Conclusion I does not follow and is in fact false. Step 3: Check Conclusion II: R > A. From the chain, A < S = T < R. If R is greater than T and T is greater than A, then R must also be greater than A. Thus R > A is always true. Therefore, Conclusion II follows.

Verification / Alternative check:
You can assign sample numerical values that respect the chain. For example: M = X = 1, A = 2, S = T = 3, R = 4. With these values, M ≠ T (1 ≠ 3), but R > A (4 > 2) holds. Any other consistent assignment will preserve the ordering and keep R strictly greater than A.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option A claims only conclusion I follows, which is opposite to the truth. Option C says either I or II follows, which is not correct because only II follows. Option D claims neither follows, which contradicts our clear deduction that R > A is valid.

Common Pitfalls:
A typical mistake is to misread chains like X = M < A < S = T < R and to think that all elements close in the chain may be equal. Another error is to overlook the transitivity of inequalities: if A < T and T < R, then A < R must hold.

Final Answer:
Thus, only conclusion II (R > A) follows. The correct choice is option B as given.