Cell Signalling and Transduction problems
- 1. What is the name of the protein signaling molecule that alters glucose uptake, and where would its receptors be located?
Options- A. Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel
- B. Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas
- C. PDGF; the blood
- D. NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes Discuss
Correct Answer: Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel
- 2. If a disease of the blood vessels caused the endothelial cells of the vessel to die, what effect would that have on the cellular activities associated with vasodilation?
Options- A. Nitric oxide would no longer be produced
- B. Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax
- C. It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure
- D. All of the above Discuss
Correct Answer: All of the above
- 3. Which of the following is true about a hydrophilic signaling molecule?
Options- A. Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell
- B. It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
- C. Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process
- D. It is a steroid Discuss
Correct Answer: It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell
- 4. Why is it that inhaling nitric oxide reduces blood pressure only in the lung tissue and not elsewhere in the body*?
Options- A. Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule
- B. Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood
- C. Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far
- D. None of the above Discuss
Correct Answer: Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far
- 5. SH2 domains specifically bind to
Options- A. phosphorylated serine residues
- B. phosphorylated tyrosine residues
- C. GDP
- D. Ca2+ Discuss
Correct Answer: phosphorylated tyrosine residues
- 6. Which of the following is a second messenger?
Options- A. lnositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
- B. Diacyl glycerol
- C. Phospholipase C
- D. Both (a) and (b) Discuss
Correct Answer: Both (a) and (b)
- 7. The hormone or ligand can be considered as
Options- A. first messenger
- B. second messenger
- C. both (a) and (b)
- D. none of these Discuss
Correct Answer: first messenger
- 8. Cell signaling can be classified into
Options- A. three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
- B. two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
- C. three distinct types based on the signaling molecules
- D. none of the above Discuss
Correct Answer: three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act
- 9. The major second messengers are
Options- A. cAMP
- B. cGMP
- C. DAG
- D. All of these Discuss
Correct Answer: All of these
- 10. Simple nerve reflexes use signaling molecules called
Options- A. neurotransmitters
- B. nitric oxides
- C. G proteins
- D. proteases Discuss
Correct Answer: neurotransmitters
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