Milling mechanics: The process of removing metal when the cutter rotates against the direction of table feed is called what?

Introduction / Context:
Milling removes material using a rotating multi-tooth cutter. The relative direction of cutter rotation and work feed defines two basic modes: up (conventional) and down (climb) milling. Recognizing these modes helps predict cutting forces, surface finish, and machine requirements.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Cutter rotation direction is fixed by spindle.
• Worktable feed direction can be set either with or against the rotation at the point of contact.
• Standard slab or face milling on a conventional milling machine.

Concept / Approach:
In up milling, the work is fed against the cutter rotation at the contact point. Chip thickness starts at zero and increases to a maximum at tooth exit. This mode reduces the tendency for machine backlash to pull the table but produces more rubbing at entry and typically higher tool wear. In down milling, the cutter rotates with the feed; chip thickness starts at maximum and reduces to zero, often yielding better finish but requiring stiffer, backlash-compensated machines.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Force traces show increasing cutting force with tooth engagement in up milling; in down milling the force decays during engagement, confirming the distinction.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Down milling: rotation is with the feed, opposite of the description.
• Face milling and end milling: describe cutter types/operations, not feed direction relative to rotation.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “up” and “down” milling terms; always reference the relative directions at the contact point, not merely machine axes.

Final Answer:
Up milling (conventional milling)