Definition of a polyclonal antibody response: Which statement correctly describes polyclonal antibodies generated after exposure to a single antigen?

Introduction / Context:
Polyclonal versus monoclonal antibodies differ in epitope breadth. Clarifying this distinction is essential for interpreting serology, western blots, and immunoassays.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A single complex antigen usually presents multiple distinct epitopes.
• Multiple B cell clones can be primed simultaneously.
• Each B cell clone remains clonal—clonal selection still applies.

Concept / Approach:
A polyclonal response arises when different B cell clones, each specific for a distinct epitope on the same antigen, expand and secrete antibodies. The resulting serum contains a mixture of immunoglobulins with varying specificities and affinities, improving overall antigen recognition and clearance.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the unit of specificity: one B cell clone → one epitope.Antigen with many epitopes → multiple clones activated.Serum antibodies are collectively “polyclonal.”

Verification / Alternative check:
Experimental adsorption against one epitope reduces only a subset of serum binding, confirming multiple specificities in polyclonal sera.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Polymeric-only / lag-phase-only: Polyclonality is not limited to antigen size or a specific kinetic phase.
• Violates clonal selection: It is built from many independent clonal expansions, so it aligns with clonal selection.
• Single clone only: Describes monoclonal antibodies.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing the serum mixture (polyclonal) with a monoclonal cell line; overlooking epitope diversity on one antigen.

Final Answer:
Produced by several B cell clones recognizing different epitopes on the same antigen.