In the following question, a sentence has been given in Active Voice. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same idea in Passive Voice: "Had she worked hard she would have won the gold medal."

Introduction / Context:
This question tests your understanding of transforming a conditional sentence from active voice to passive voice while keeping tense and meaning unchanged. The original active sentence is "Had she worked hard she would have won the gold medal." It is a conditional sentence that talks about an unreal past situation and its unreal result. You must choose the passive form that preserves this structure.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Active sentence: "Had she worked hard she would have won the gold medal."
• The structure is equivalent to "If she had worked hard, she would have won the gold medal."
• We need a passive version in which "the gold medal" becomes the subject.
• The logical time frame is past unreal, shown by "would have won".
• Options vary in their use of will, would, and conditional clause form.

Concept / Approach:
To change an active sentence to passive voice, the object becomes the subject, and the main verb changes into "be" plus past participle. In conditional sentences of the third type (unreal past), the pattern is "would have + past participle". In passive, this becomes "would have been + past participle". Therefore, "would have won the gold medal" changes to "the gold medal would have been won by her". The conditional clause "Had she worked hard" remains unchanged.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Rewrite the sentence in full conditional form: "If she had worked hard, she would have won the gold medal."Step 2: Identify the object in the main clause: "the gold medal". This will become the subject in the passive sentence.Step 3: Convert "would have won" to passive: "would have been won".Step 4: Place "the gold medal" at the beginning and add the agent phrase "by her".Step 5: Keep the conditional clause "Had she worked hard" intact, giving "The gold medal would have been won by her had she worked hard."

Verification / Alternative check:
Check tense and meaning: The original sentence talks about a past situation that did not happen. The passive version "The gold medal would have been won by her had she worked hard" still clearly refers to a past unreal outcome. Both versions share the same implied meaning: she did not work hard, so she did not win the medal. Using "will have been won" would wrongly shift it to future perfect, which does not match the original conditional sense.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Option A ("will have been won"): Uses future perfect, which is incorrect for a past unreal conditional.
• Option C: Changes the conditional clause to "if she worked hard", which is more like a general or present unreal condition, not the specific past unreal one given.
• Option D: Combines "will have been won" with "if she worked hard", giving mixed and incorrect time reference.
• Option E: "Had been won by her if she worked hard" is grammatically clumsy and does not maintain the correct conditional structure.

Common Pitfalls:
Students often ignore the subtle difference between "will" and "would" in conditional sentences. In third conditional structures, "would have" is essential, and when converting to passive, you must keep "would have been" not "will have been". Another frequent mistake is to alter the conditional clause unnecessarily. Focus on changing only the main clause to passive while preserving the overall sentence pattern.

Final Answer:
The correct passive voice transformation is "The gold medal would have been won by her had she worked hard."