PC diagnostics: “Parity” memory errors usually indicate a fault in system RAM (random-access memory).

Introduction / Context:
Parity memory implements a simple error-detection bit alongside each byte or word of RAM. When a parity error is reported by the BIOS or operating system, technicians need to infer the most likely cause to guide troubleshooting.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The system uses parity-capable memory or ECC-capable memory running in parity mode.
• Parity checks compare the stored parity bit with the computed parity of the data read from RAM.
• An error indicates a mismatch during read-back.

Concept / Approach:

A parity error occurs when the parity bit does not match the recomputed parity of the data, signaling corrupted data in memory. The most typical root cause is faulty RAM cells or marginal modules. Less commonly, parity errors can arise from motherboard trace issues, incorrect timing, or a failing memory controller. However, the standard field interpretation is “suspect bad RAM first.”

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Swapping RAM and reproducing the error on a specific module or slot confirms hardware involvement. Stable operation with replacement RAM verifies the diagnosis.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• False: Although rare board or controller issues exist, the overwhelmingly common cause of parity errors is defective RAM, making “True” the best choice.

Common Pitfalls:

Assuming software alone causes parity errors; overlooking oxidized contacts; mixing module speeds; ignoring that ECC memories can correct single-bit errors and report others differently from simple parity.

Final Answer:

True