Parallel circuit fundamentals: which statement correctly describes voltage distribution in an ideal parallel network? Assume one source feeding multiple branches.

Introduction / Context:
In circuit analysis, recognizing how voltage and current divide among parallel branches is vital. While currents split depending on branch impedances, the source voltage appears unchanged across every branch connected directly in parallel to that source node pair.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Ideal wires and components (no parasitic drops).
• Multiple branches share the same two nodes of the source.
• Steady-state DC or AC behavior is considered.

Concept / Approach:
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and the definition of parallel connection ensure that each branch spans the same node-to-node potential difference. Consequently, the voltage across every branch equals the source voltage. Currents differ, but voltages are equal in parallel connection.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Identify two common nodes: top node and bottom node are shared by all branches.2) Voltage across any branch equals V(top node) − V(bottom node), which is the source voltage.3) Therefore, each branch sees the same voltage as the source.4) Select the option stating equality of branch and total voltage.

Verification / Alternative check:
Use a simple numerical example: a 12 V source feeding two resistors in parallel (6 Ω and 3 Ω). Both resistors measure 12 V across their terminals despite different currents (2 A and 4 A respectively), confirming the rule.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Average or sum of voltages is incorrect; voltages do not add around parallel branches. “Always less than smallest” is nonsensical for ideal parallel networks.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing series voltage division with parallel voltage equality; in series, voltages divide according to resistance, but in parallel they remain equal and currents divide instead.

Final Answer:
The total voltage of a parallel circuit is the same as the voltages across each branch