In the following C program using nested structures, what output is produced on a typical system? struct India { char c; float d; }; struct World { int a[3]; char b; struct India orissa; }; int main() { struct World st = { {1, 2, 3}, 'P', {'q', 1.4f} }; printf("%d\t%c\t%c\t%f", st.a[1], st.b, st.orissa.c, st.orissa.d); return 0; }

Introduction / Context:
This question tests understanding of C structures, nested structures, aggregate initialization, and how printf accesses structure members. The program defines two structure types, combines them, initializes an object of the outer structure, and prints selected members.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Structure India has members c of type char and d of type float.
• Structure World has an int array a of length 3, a char member b, and a member orissa of type struct India.
• The variable st is initialized as { {1, 2, 3}, 'P', {'q', 1.4f} }.
• The printf call uses "%d\t%c\t%c\t%f" and passes st.a[1], st.b, st.orissa.c, and st.orissa.d.

Concept / Approach:
Aggregate initialization follows the order of members in the structure definition. The first brace pair initializes the array a with 1, 2, 3. The character 'P' initializes b. The inner brace pair {'q', 1.4f} initializes orissa.c with 'q' and orissa.d with 1.4f. When printf is executed, it prints the second element of the array, then the character b, then the nested character c, and finally the nested float d.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: After initialization, a[0] is 1, a[1] is 2, and a[2] is 3.Step 2: Member b of st is the character 'P'.Step 3: Member orissa.c is the character 'q'.Step 4: Member orissa.d is the float value 1.4f, which printf with %f typically prints as 1.400000 on a standard system.Step 5: The format string has %d, then %c, then %c, then %f, with tab characters between conversions. Therefore, the output is 2, then a tab, then P, then a tab, then q, then a tab, then 1.400000.

Verification / Alternative check:
You can compile a similar program and print the same members. On most compilers, the integer 2 prints as 2 and 1.4f prints as 1.400000 when using %f, confirming the expected sequence of values.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option B uses 1 as the first value, which would require accessing a[0] instead of a[1].Option C shows 1.000000 instead of 1.400000, which does not match the initialization of orissa.d.Option D reverses P and q, but the program accesses b before orissa.c, so P is printed before q.

Common Pitfalls:
Students sometimes misread the order of structure members or misinterpret how aggregate initialization maps values to nested structures. Another common mistake is forgetting that C uses zero based indexing, so a[1] refers to the second element with value 2.

Final Answer:
The output is 2 P q 1.400000 (values printed in this order with tab characters between them).