Operational transconductance amplifier (OTA): Is it primarily a voltage-controlled current source (transconductance device), rather than a current-to-voltage amplifier?

Introduction / Context:
An operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is a specialized amplifier whose output is a current proportional to its input voltage, characterized by a transconductance parameter gm. This behavior makes the OTA a voltage-controlled current source. The statement that an OTA is primarily a current-to-voltage amplifier misidentifies its fundamental role.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• OTA output is a current, not a low-impedance voltage.
• Transconductance gm (units of A/V) sets Iout = gm * Vin (for differential inputs, Iout = gm * (V+ - V-)).
• External elements (resistors, capacitors) convert Iout to a voltage when needed.
• We consider the ideal, small-signal operating region.

Concept / Approach:
Unlike a voltage op-amp that produces a low-impedance voltage output, an OTA produces a current. Designers select load resistors, current mirrors, or active networks to translate that current into a voltage. Because gm can be made programmable (e.g., via a bias current), OTAs enable voltage-controlled filters, voltage-controlled amplifiers, and modulators.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Compare with a transimpedance amplifier (TIA). A TIA converts input current to output voltage (Vout = Iin * Rf). That is the proper term for a current-to-voltage amplifier, highlighting the distinction from an OTA’s voltage-to-current behavior.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing OTA with op-amp or TIA; forgetting that gm, not open-loop voltage gain, is the key parameter; ignoring the need for an external load to produce a voltage.

Final Answer:
Incorrect