In the following question, select the one-word substitute for the description: “The use of irony to mock or convey contempt.”

Introduction / Context:
This question tests your knowledge of one-word substitutes related to tone and style in communication. The description refers to a way of speaking or writing where someone says the opposite of what they mean, usually to hurt, mock, or show contempt. Recognising that this is a specific rhetorical device used in everyday language, media, and literature will quickly guide you to the correct term: “sarcasm”.

Given Data / Assumptions:
- Description: “The use of irony to mock or convey contempt.” - Options: Sanction, Flatter, Compliment, Sarcasm. - We assume basic familiarity with common English words for praise and criticism. - The task is to choose the word that exactly matches the given description.

Concept / Approach:
“Irony” in language occurs when the literal words differ from or oppose the actual intended meaning. When irony is used deliberately to hurt feelings, insult, or show disdain, it becomes “sarcasm.” For example, telling a person who has made a big mistake, “Well done, that was brilliant,” with a certain tone is sarcastic. The other options are associated with approval, praise, or official permission and do not contain this element of mocking contempt.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1. Focus on the key phrase in the description: “use of irony to mock or convey contempt.” 2. Recall that sarcasm is widely defined as sharp or cutting remarks, often ironic, intended to ridicule or show scorn. 3. Examine each option: - Sanction: can mean approval, permission, or a penalty, but is not directly related to ironic mockery. - Flatter: to praise excessively or insincerely to please someone. - Compliment: a polite expression of praise or admiration. - Sarcasm: the use of irony to mock or show contempt. 4. Only “Sarcasm” exactly matches the description and is the recognised term in dictionaries and textbooks.

Verification / Alternative check:
Think of a situation where someone says, “What a genius you are,” after another person makes a silly error. The speaker does not truly mean to praise; instead, they intend to insult lightly by using ironic words. This behaviour is commonly described as “being sarcastic.” None of the other options would be used to label this tone. You would not call it sanction, flattery, or a compliment, which confirms that sarcasm is the correct term.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
- Sanction: Relates to permission or penalty in legal or formal settings and has nothing to do with ironic mockery. - Flatter: Involves praise, often insincere, but lacking the element of hostility or contempt inherent in sarcasm. - Compliment: A sincere or polite expression of admiration, which is positive and respectful rather than mocking.

Common Pitfalls:
Some learners confuse “sarcasm” with general “irony” or believe it always has to be funny. In fact, sarcasm is specifically a sharp or cutting use of irony to hurt or belittle someone. Another pitfall is to be misled by words like “flatter” or “compliment” because they are related to speech, but they describe positive things, not contempt. Always pay close attention to key negative phrases like “mock” or “convey contempt” when choosing the correct term.

Final Answer:
The correct one-word substitute is Sarcasm.