Equivalence criterion (Thevenin context): Two circuits are “equivalent” if and only if they produce the same terminal voltage for a given load, regardless of current. True or false?

Introduction / Context:
When constructing a Thevenin (or Norton) equivalent, we want a simpler circuit that is indistinguishable from the original by any load connected at the terminals. This requires matching both voltage and current behaviors, not voltage alone.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Comparison is at the same two external terminals.
• Loads can vary; the equivalence should hold for any load in the scope of interest.
• Linear circuit assumptions commonly apply for Thevenin/Norton results.

Concept / Approach:

Two circuits are equivalent if their terminal V–I characteristics are identical. That means for any load, the voltage across and current through the load match in both circuits. Matching only the voltage for one particular load is insufficient; another load could reveal differences if the internal impedance does not match.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Choose two different loads and compare results from each circuit. Identical V and I in both cases confirms identical V–I relation, hence equivalence; differing results expose non-equivalence despite a single matched voltage case.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• “True” lowers the standard of equivalence to a single-load voltage match, which is not sufficient and can be misleading.

Common Pitfalls:

Equating identical open-circuit voltage with full equivalence. Without matching internal impedance, the circuits will not behave the same under load.

Final Answer:

False