In atomic structure, how many protons are present in the nucleus of a copper atom (its atomic number determines the proton count)?

Introduction / Context:
The atomic number of an element equals the number of protons in its nucleus. This number uniquely identifies the element and defines its position in the periodic table, its electron configuration in the neutral state, and its chemical behavior. Copper is a common conductor in electronics, wiring, and printed circuit boards, so recognizing its atomic properties is practical background knowledge for engineers and technicians.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are dealing with elemental copper (Cu).
• The question seeks proton count, not neutrons or electrons (though a neutral atom has equal electrons and protons).
• Standard periodic table values apply.

Concept / Approach:
The atomic number Z is the key. For copper, Z = 29. Therefore, the nucleus contains 29 protons. While isotopes differ by neutron count, proton count does not change for a given element. Knowledge of Z helps in understanding electron shells (e.g., copper’s common valence behavior) and why copper is an excellent conductor with a single s-electron contributing strongly to conduction.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Recall copper’s symbol and periodic position: Cu, period 4, transition metal.Identify atomic number Z for Cu: 29.Proton count equals Z: 29 protons.Select option “29.”

Verification / Alternative check:
Consult any periodic table: Cu listed with atomic number 29. Neutral copper has 29 electrons to balance its 29-proton nucleus, confirming consistency.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
1 and 4 correspond to hydrogen and beryllium; 18 corresponds to argon; none match copper. “None of the above” is wrong because the correct value is available.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing mass number (protons+neutrons) with atomic number; mixing copper’s common oxidation states (+1, +2) with proton count.

Final Answer:
29