Circuit theorems — source transformations: The Norton current IN is also known by which descriptive name in network analysis?

Introduction / Context:
Norton’s and Thevenin’s theorems let you replace a linear network with an equivalent source and impedance. Understanding the physical meaning of Norton current helps when measuring or calculating equivalents and when interconverting between Norton and Thevenin forms.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Norton form: a current source IN in parallel with RN.
• IN equals the short-circuit current seen at the network’s terminals.
• RN equals the Thevenin/Norton equivalent resistance.

Concept / Approach:
By definition, the Norton current IN is the current that would flow if the output terminals were shorted together (load replaced by 0 ohms). Thus, IN is also called the short-circuit current, sometimes phrased as the shorted-load current. This contrasts with open-circuit voltage used in Thevenin’s form.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Define IN: current through a short across the output.Relate to measurement: set load to 0 Ω → measure current → IN.Choose the name that matches: “Shorted-load current.”

Verification / Alternative check:
The Thevenin equivalent uses VOC, the open-circuit voltage. Converting between forms uses IN = VOC / RTH and RN = RTH, confirming the short-circuit interpretation of IN.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
(b) Open-load current would be zero for a linear passive network. (c) There is no standard “Thevenin current” term; Thevenin uses voltage. (d) Thevenin voltage refers to VOC, not a current.

Common Pitfalls:
Mixing up open-circuit vs short-circuit measurements; forgetting that current sources and voltage sources swap roles between Norton and Thevenin forms.

Final Answer:
Shorted-load current.