Why the industry uses the OSI reference model: Which statements best explain the advantages of the layered OSI reference model for networking?

Introduction / Context:
The OSI model provides a conceptual framework for standardizing network functions into layers. This abstraction benefits design, interoperability, and troubleshooting by separating concerns and defining clear responsibilities at each layer.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Statement 1: Divides communication into simpler components aiding development, design, and troubleshooting.
• Statement 2: Enables vendors to use the same electronic components (cost saving claim).
• Statement 3: Supports multiple competing standards to create business opportunities.
• Statement 4: Encourages standardization by defining functions per layer.

Concept / Approach:

True benefits focus on modularity (1) and standardization (4). The OSI model does not dictate identical hardware components (2) nor promote competing standards (3); rather, it promotes interoperable standards mapped to layers.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Standards bodies (ISO/IEC, IEEE, IETF) define protocols per layers; vendor interoperability proofs echo advantages in statements 1 and 4.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

2: Same components are not an OSI goal; vendors implement differently.

3: OSI seeks interoperability, not proliferation of incompatible standards.

Common Pitfalls:

Assuming OSI is an implementation model; conflating OSI with TCP/IP suite specifics.

Final Answer:

1 and 4