Newton’s second law – relation among force, mass, and acceleration\nNewton’s second law of motion ________ a relation between the applied force and the mass and acceleration of a moving body.

Introduction / Context:
Newton’s second law formalizes dynamics by connecting cause (net force) and effect (acceleration) with the property of inertia (mass). It is foundational in engineering mechanics and physics.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The net external force F acts on a body of mass m.
• Acceleration a is the time rate of change of velocity of the body.
• Classical mechanics regime (non-relativistic speeds).

Concept / Approach:
The law states: F_net = m * a (vector form). It directly relates the magnitude and direction of the net force to the mass and acceleration of the body. For varying mass systems, a generalized form uses momentum: F_net = d(mv)/dt.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Dimensional consistency: [F] = kg·m/s^2, [m a] = kg·m/s^2. Experimental validation spans from particle dynamics to rigid-body motion.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• ‘‘does not give’’ contradicts the statement of the second law.
• ‘‘only for constant velocity’’ would imply zero acceleration and thus zero net force, which is a special case of no net force, not the general law.
• ‘‘only for zero mass’’ is nonsensical; the law is meaningful for finite mass.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing net force with a single applied force while ignoring opposing forces, or forgetting vector directions in multi-force systems.

Final Answer:
gives