Statements: The university authority has instructed all the colleges under its jurisdiction to ban use of all phones inside the college premises. Majority of the teachers of the colleges signed a joint petition to the university complaining the disturbances caused by cell phone ring-tones inside the classrooms.

• Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
• Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
• Both the statements I and II are independent causes
• Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes
• Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause