Troubleshooting with a logic probe and pulser: A probe on a gate’s output shows a dim (weak) indication. Toggling each input with a logic pulser does not change the output indication. What is the most likely fault?

Introduction / Context:
Logic probes and pulsers are fast tools for diagnosing digital faults. A dim or indeterminate output that does not respond to input pulsing is a classic symptom used to infer an “open” or high-impedance condition where a node is floating rather than driven.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Output appears dim/weak on the probe.
• Using a pulser on each input does not change the output.
• Assume the device is not intentionally tri-stated and that VCC/GND are present.

Concept / Approach:
An open output (internal transistor failure, cracked solder joint, or broken trace) leaves the node floating. A high-impedance floating node can pick up stray charge and cause the probe to display a dim or ambiguous indication. If inputs are pulsed and still no deterministic transition is observed, the output is likely not being actively driven.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Observe: dim/ambiguous output.Test: pulse inputs → no output change.Inference: driver not asserting either high or low strongly → probable open output.

Verification / Alternative check:
Measure with a DMM for strong logic levels or use a scope; compare with another known-good gate pin on the same IC.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Supply low: would often affect many nodes and be confirmed by measuring VCC.Bad ground on probe: would cause erratic readings everywhere, not just one pin.Tristate: then enabling the output or driving control should change the state; also the scenario does not mention an OE pin.Clock too high: a pulser test is quasi-static; still should produce a response if the gate is functional.

Common Pitfalls:
Mistaking weak pull-ups/pull-downs for an open output; verify with resistance checks to VCC/GND.

Final Answer:
The output of the gate appears to be open.