In computer fundamentals: The list of coded instructions that tells a computer exactly what to do is called what?

Introduction / Context:
In computer science basics, learners must distinguish between artifacts used to design a solution and the artifact that actually runs on the machine. The question asks for the term used to describe the explicit, executable list of coded instructions that directs the computer's processor step by step.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are discussing general-purpose digital computers.
• The instructions are coded in a programming language or machine language.
• The focus is on what gets executed by the computer, not just planned or documented.

Concept / Approach:

A computer executes instructions from memory. When these instructions are authored in a programming language and assembled/compiled (or interpreted) for execution, the result is a computer program. Design tools like algorithms and flowcharts are planning representations, not executable artifacts by themselves.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

When you write C, Java, or Python code that controls a computer and is run by a compiler/interpreter, you call it a program. Operating systems and apps are collections of programs. This matches the definition requested.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Algorithm: a language-independent plan; not necessarily coded or executable.
• Flowchart: a graphical plan; not executed by the CPU.
• Utility program: a specific category (e.g., antivirus, archiver), not the general concept.
• None of the above: incorrect because 'Computer program' fits perfectly.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing algorithm (conceptual recipe) with program (coded instructions).
• Believing that any diagram or pseudo-code is directly executable.

Final Answer:

Computer program.