Statistical quality control for large lots: For high-volume production, statistical methods (e.g., sampling plans, SPC) may be used so that only a sample of parts is inspected to control quality. Evaluate this practice.

Introduction / Context:
Inspecting every single unit (100% inspection) can be costly and sometimes less effective than statistically designed sampling. In mass production, statistical quality control (SQC), acceptance sampling, and statistical process control (SPC) are widely used to monitor and maintain quality with manageable effort.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Production lot sizes are large, making 100% inspection impractical.
• The process is stable enough to be monitored statistically.
• Risk levels (producer’s and consumer’s) are defined for acceptance sampling.

Concept / Approach:
Sampling plans (e.g., ANSI/ASQ Z1.4) define how many parts to inspect and the acceptance criteria. SPC charts track process variation in real time to prevent defects. These methods reduce inspection burden, focus on process capability, and can deliver better overall quality than exhaustive inspection that may miss systemic issues.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:

Final Answer: