For a seamless pipe (no longitudinal weld seam), what is the joint efficiency J used in pressure design calculations?

Introduction / Context:
Joint efficiency J accounts for potential strength reduction or quality variability in welded seams when calculating required wall thickness for pressure-containing components. For seamless pipe, there is no longitudinal weld seam along the body, so codes typically assign full joint efficiency for the pipe body.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Seamless pipe body (not including girth butt welds at field joints).
• Design per standard pressure vessel/piping codes where J modifies allowable stress or thickness.

Concept / Approach:
Where a seam weld exists (e.g., ERW or SAW pipe), J may be less than unity depending on inspection extent. For seamless pipe, the longitudinal metal continuity is uninterrupted, so J is taken as 1. This does not negate the need to evaluate separate circumferential weld efficiencies at field welds or fittings, which are addressed elsewhere in design.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Common piping codes and handbooks list J = 1 for seamless pipe; lower J values apply to seamed pipe without full radiography or to lesser-quality joints.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• 0.85: Typical of some welded joints with partial inspection.
• 1.2: Efficiency cannot exceed 1; would imply strength gain beyond base metal.
• < 0.5: Unreasonably low and not representative of seamless pipe.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing pipe body efficiency with girth weld efficiency at joints, which may have separate quality factors; not accounting for corrosion allowance or mill tolerance in thickness selection.

Final Answer:
1