Fixed Curved Vane — Jet Tangential Entry and Exit A jet of water enters and leaves a fixed curved vane tangentially. What is the force component of the jet perpendicular to the vane surface?

Introduction:
Force on a vane depends on the change in momentum of the jet along and normal to the vane surface. If the jet meets and leaves tangentially, its velocity has no normal component at entry and exit, which has direct implications for the normal force component.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Fixed curved vane; steady, incompressible jet.
• Jet velocity direction coincides with vane tangent at entry and at exit.
• Losses neglected for the directional argument.

Concept / Approach:
By momentum principle, the force on the vane in any direction equals the rate of change of momentum of the jet in that direction. If the normal component of velocity is zero both at inlet and outlet, the change of normal momentum is zero; therefore, the normal (perpendicular) force is zero.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Resolve jet velocity into tangential and normal components relative to vane surface.At tangential entry: normal component = 0.At tangential exit: normal component = 0.Change of normal momentum = 0 thus normal force = 0.

Verification / Alternative check:
Free-body of control volume aligned with local normal shows no flux of normal momentum in or out.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
False: contradicts the momentum change reasoning.Perpendicular force is maximum / equals density * V^2 * area: these apply when the jet strikes normally, not tangentially.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing tangential force (which can be non-zero) with normal force (zero here).

Final Answer:
True