Driver taxonomy: Historically, Sun/Java defined four JDBC driver types (Type 1 through Type 4). Is this historical statement correct?

Introduction / Context:
JDBC drivers were categorized into four types, describing how Java applications communicate with databases. Knowing these types clarifies deployment dependencies and performance characteristics.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Type 1: JDBC-ODBC bridge.
• Type 2: Native-API partly Java.
• Type 3: Net-protocol all-Java middleware.
• Type 4: Native-protocol all-Java (direct to DBMS).

Concept / Approach:
Types signal trade-offs: portability vs. reliance on native code or middleware. Modern practice favors Type 4 for simplicity and portability; the old JDBC-ODBC bridge is deprecated/removed.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify DBMS vendor’s driver type.Prefer Type 4 where possible for all-Java stacks.Avoid legacy Type 1 in modern JVMs.Validate features (XA, SSL, batching) per driver.Test performance with representative workloads.

Verification / Alternative check:
Consult vendor docs; confirm driver class and connection URL reflect a Type 4 implementation in most modern stacks.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
There were not two or five official categories; the canonical set is four.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming “Type 4” always outperforms others without testing; ignoring SSL/cert requirements.

Final Answer:
Correct