Nematode host recognition — key chemical cues In developing biocontrol strategies that disrupt nematode host-finding and recognition, which chemical moiety in plant surface/exudate molecules plays a particularly important role in host recognition by plant-parasitic nematodes?

Introduction / Context:
Plant-parasitic nematodes locate and recognize hosts using complex chemical cues from root surfaces and exudates. Understanding the dominant recognition signals helps design targeted biocontrol strategies that block attachment, orientation, or penetration.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Nematode chemosensory apparatus detects specific molecular patterns.
• Plant surfaces present glycoconjugates whose carbohydrate portions are recognizable motifs.
• Host specificity can depend on glycan structures and modifications.

Concept / Approach:

Carbohydrate moieties on glycoproteins and glycolipids are key determinants in many host–parasite interactions, including nematodes. Altering or masking these glycans, or competing with decoy carbohydrates, can interfere with nematode recognition and reduce infection rates.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Lectin-binding assays and inhibition studies using specific sugars often disrupt nematode attachment, underscoring the functional importance of carbohydrate motifs.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Lipids and proteins contribute to surface properties, but without the correct glycan patterns recognition is impaired. Minerals and chlorophylls are not recognition determinants for nematodes.

Common Pitfalls:

Assuming proteins alone drive recognition; in many cases, it is the glycosylation pattern that is decisive.

Final Answer:

Carbohydrate moieties (e.g., glycans on glycoproteins/glycolipids)