Within the Indus Valley or Harappan Civilization, the famous bull seal depicting a powerful bull figure was discovered from which of the following archaeological sites?

Introduction / Context:
This question relates to the material culture of the Indus Valley Civilization, in particular the seals that have been discovered during excavations. Certain seals, like the so called unicorn seals and bull seals, are frequently mentioned in textbooks because they provide insight into religious beliefs, trade and art. The question asks from which site the famous bull seal was found, testing the association between a specific artefact and a major Harappan site.

Given Data / Assumptions:
- The question is about a famous bull seal of the Indus Valley Civilization.
- It asks you to identify the archaeological site from which this seal was discovered.
- The options list several Harappan sites, including Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Lothal and others.
- We assume that the question refers to a widely cited bull seal that is commonly linked with Mohenjodaro in exam material.

Concept / Approach:
Seals from the Indus Valley Civilization depict animals and symbols, possibly connected to religious or economic life. The famous bull seal, often pictured in textbooks, is associated with Mohenjodaro. While seals have been found at several sites, certain iconic examples are consistently tied to specific locations in standard exam oriented literature. The approach is to recall which site is most commonly mentioned along with the bull seal and not to confuse it with other sites known for different special finds.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recognise that seals with animal motifs are a key feature of Harappan artefacts. Step 2: Recall that Mohenjodaro, along with Harappa, was one of the main urban centres where many seals were unearthed. Step 3: Remember that exam guides and history textbooks frequently refer to a famous bull seal from Mohenjodaro. Step 4: Note that Lothal is often linked with dockyard remains, while other sites have their own distinct notable finds. Step 5: Match this knowledge with the options and choose Mohenjodaro as the correct site.

Verification / Alternative check:
To verify, you can think of how commonly Mohenjodaro appears in images of Indus seals in study materials. Many illustrations mention it as the source of the bull seal. Harappa certainly produced many seals as well, but the particular famous bull seal that is highlighted in exam contexts is typically associated with Mohenjodaro. Cross checking with standard question banks and textbook captions confirms this association.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Harappa: Another major Harappan city that yielded many seals, but the most famous bull seal referred to in exam contexts is noted from Mohenjodaro.
Chanhudaro: A smaller Harappan site known for craft production, not primarily for the iconic bull seal mentioned here.
Lothal: Well known for its dockyard and maritime connections rather than this particular seal.
Ropar: A Harappan site in present day Punjab, but not the source of the specific widely known bull seal.

Common Pitfalls:
Students often confuse Harappa and Mohenjodaro because both produced similar artefacts, including seals. Without recalling the specific textbook association, one might select Harappa by guess. Another pitfall is to assume that any Indus site listed can be correct without considering which site is repeatedly linked to the famous bull seal in study material. Keeping track of key artefact site pairings, such as the bull seal with Mohenjodaro and dockyard with Lothal, helps avoid mistakes.

Final Answer:
The famous bull seal of the Indus Valley Civilization was discovered at Mohenjodaro.