In the following direct and indirect speech question, convert the given courtroom remark into indirect speech by selecting the most appropriate reported form of: "Do you have anything to say on behalf of the accused?" said the judge finally.

Introduction / Context:
This question deals with changing a direct question into indirect speech in a formal legal context. The original sentence is a judge addressing someone in court: "Do you have anything to say on behalf of the accused?" said the judge finally. We must choose the reported version that preserves meaning, tense, and politeness, while following standard rules of reported speech in English.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Reporting verb: "said", later converted to "asked".
• Direct question: "Do you have anything to say on behalf of the accused?"
• Question type: yes or no question introduced by "do".
• Time of reporting is in the past.
• We need correct sequence of tenses and conjunction.

Concept / Approach:
In reported speech, yes or no questions introduced by "do", "does" or "did" are generally reported using "if" or "whether". The auxiliary "do" disappears and the main verb takes the appropriate tense. When the reporting verb is in the past ("said" or "asked"), the tense in the reported clause usually shifts one step back: present simple becomes past simple, present perfect becomes past perfect, and so on. Also, in modern usage, we do not normally insert the word "that" before "if" in this structure.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Change the reporting verb: "said" becomes "asked" because the judge is asking a question. Step 2: Remove the question word order and auxiliary "do"; use a conjunction like "if". Step 3: Change "do you have" (present simple) into "he had" (past simple) to match the past reporting verb. Step 4: Keep the rest of the clause the same: "anything to say on behalf of the accused." Step 5: Combine these elements: "The judge finally asked if he had anything to say on behalf of the accused."

Verification / Alternative check:
Read the chosen option aloud and mentally convert it back into direct speech. "The judge finally asked if he had anything to say on behalf of the accused" corresponds naturally to "The judge finally said, 'Do you have anything to say on behalf of the accused?'" The meaning and formality are both preserved. The tense shift from "have" to "had" is standard in reported speech with a past reporting verb.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option b: Combines "asked that if", which is awkward; "has" is also incorrect because the verb should shift to the past form "had". Option c: Uses "has had", which is an unnecessary present perfect form and does not fit the original simple present question. Option d: Uses "that whether" together, which is redundant and incorrect in this structure.

Common Pitfalls:
Many learners overuse the conjunction "that" or forget to change the tense in the reported clause. Another typical mistake is to keep the question word order ("asked if had he anything") instead of using normal statement order ("if he had anything"). Always ensure you apply both the correct conjunction and the correct word order when transforming questions into reported speech.

Final Answer:
The correct reported sentence is The judge finally asked if he had anything to say on behalf of the accused.