Operational amplifier fundamentals: Considering the standard ideal-op-amp model used for preliminary circuit analysis and hand calculations, which of the following properties correctly belongs to an ideal op-amp?

Introduction:
The ideal op-amp is a theoretical construct that simplifies design intuition and first-pass analysis. Knowing which traits belong to the ideal model helps distinguish practical limitations from analytical assumptions.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Ideal op-amp used as a simplifying model.
• Focus on classic assumptions: gain, input/output impedances, bandwidth, and offset.
• Single-corner model without slew-rate or noise limits.

Concept / Approach:
Common ideal-op-amp assumptions: infinite open-loop gain, infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, zero input offset voltage/currents, and infinite bandwidth (constant gain over all frequencies). These assumptions support rules like input nodes having equal voltages under negative feedback and zero input currents.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Check output impedance: ideal is zero, not infinite.2) Check input impedance: ideal is infinite, not zero.3) Check bandwidth: ideal is infinite, implying constant gain with frequency.4) Therefore, among the options, only infinite bandwidth matches the ideal model.

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbook nodal analyses rely on zero input current (infinite input impedance) and a perfect source behavior at the output (zero output impedance); these are inconsistent with options a and b, confirming that c is the only valid statement.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Infinite output impedance: would prevent the op-amp from driving loads; contradicts ideal source behavior.Zero input impedance: would load the source heavily; contradicts the infinite input impedance ideal.All of the above: includes incorrect statements, so it cannot be true.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming practical op-amp limits (finite gain/bandwidth) apply to the ideal model; keep the two concepts separate to avoid analysis errors.

Final Answer:
infinite bandwidth