Under the Constitution of India, a person is disqualified from being chosen as, and for being, a Member of either House of Parliament if any of the following conditions apply: (1) the person holds an office of profit under the Government of India or any State Government other than an office that Parliament has, by law, declared not to disqualify its holder, (2) the person is an undischarged insolvent, (3) the person is disqualified under the Tenth Schedule on the ground of defection, and (4) the person is of unsound mind and is so declared by a competent court. Which of the following combinations correctly describes these constitutional grounds of disqualification?

Introduction / Context:
The Constitution of India lays down clear conditions under which a person is disqualified from being chosen as, or for continuing as, a Member of Parliament. Understanding these grounds is very important for questions on Indian Polity, elections and constitutional provisions. This question checks whether you can correctly identify which conditions, such as holding an office of profit, being insolvent, being of unsound mind or facing disqualification under the anti defection provisions, are explicitly mentioned in the Constitution as disqualifications for membership of either House of Parliament.

Given Data / Assumptions:
- The question refers to Members of either House of Parliament, that is Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
- The conditions listed relate to office of profit, insolvency, disqualification under the Tenth Schedule and unsoundness of mind.
- The relevant constitutional provisions are primarily Article 102 and the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India.
- It is assumed that no other unlisted conditions are being considered in this particular question.

Concept / Approach:
Article 102 of the Constitution of India specifies the grounds on which a person is disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, a Member of either House of Parliament. These include holding an office of profit under the Union or a State Government, being of unsound mind and so declared by a competent court, being an undischarged insolvent, not being a citizen of India or voluntarily acquiring the citizenship of a foreign state, and any disqualification imposed by a law made by Parliament. In addition to this, Article 102 is linked with the Tenth Schedule, which deals with disqualification on the ground of defection. The approach is to map each statement in the question to these constitutional provisions and then select the combination that correctly includes all the valid disqualification grounds listed.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Under Article 102, holding an office of profit under the Government of India or a State Government, other than an office declared by Parliament as not disqualifying, is explicitly mentioned as a ground of disqualification. Therefore statement 1 is correct. Step 2: Article 102 also specifies that an undischarged insolvent is disqualified from being chosen as, or being, a Member of Parliament. Therefore statement 2 is correct. Step 3: Disqualification under the Tenth Schedule relates to defection by Members of Parliament and State Legislatures. Members disqualified under the Tenth Schedule are treated as disqualified from their House. Therefore statement 3 is also a valid ground of disqualification. Step 4: Article 102 further states that a person who is of unsound mind and so declared by a competent court is disqualified. Therefore statement 4 is correct. Step 5: Since all four statements match constitutional grounds of disqualification, the correct combination must include 1, 2, 3 and 4 together. Step 6: Among the options, only the option stating “1, 2, 3 and 4” includes all four correct grounds, so that is the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
A quick way to verify is to remember that Article 102 groups several disqualifications and that defection is covered separately in the Tenth Schedule but still operates as a valid disqualification from membership. All four listed conditions are standard textbook grounds for disqualification of Members of Parliament. As there is no contradiction between them and all are constitutionally supported, the combination including all four must be chosen. Any option that omits even one of these conditions would be incomplete and therefore incorrect.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option A (1, 2 and 4 only) is wrong because it ignores the important ground of disqualification under the Tenth Schedule, which deals with defection.
Option C (3 and 4 only) is wrong because it leaves out both the office of profit disqualification and the undischarged insolvent condition, both of which are clearly mentioned in Article 102.
Option D (1, 2 and 3 only) is wrong because it excludes the ground relating to unsound mind, even though Article 102 specifically includes this as a disqualification.

Common Pitfalls:
Students sometimes confuse the Tenth Schedule with provisions that apply only to State Legislatures, but it applies equally to Parliament for defection related disqualification. Another common mistake is to think that only some of these conditions, such as office of profit, are constitutional while others are statutory, and therefore they may incorrectly omit one or more correct statements. Learners may also overlook the exact wording of Article 102 and forget that undischarged insolvency and unsoundness of mind are traditional grounds of disqualification for legislators in many democracies, including India. Care must be taken to treat each listed condition independently and to verify it against the Constitution before selecting a combination.

Final Answer:
The correct combination of constitutional grounds of disqualification includes all four conditions, so the correct answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.